Past Issues

In this study, drivers` longitudinal car control, subjective fatigue, and perceived fidelity were compared between 2D and 3D display driving simulation. The results can be summarized as followings. First, in all target speed conditions, the drivers tended to drove faster in 2D display condition than 3D display condition. Second, speed deviation from target speed increased as target speed decreased. Third, distances between the lead vehicle and the driver`s vehicle were significantly reduced in the 3D display condition when the speeds of the lead vehicle were relatively fast(i. e., over 80km/h). Fourth, although the perceived fidelity was not significantly different between the two display conditions, subjective fatigue was higher in the 3D display condition than in the 2D display condition.

keyword : 2D vs. 3D 운전 시뮬레이션, 속도 유지, 차량추종, 주관적 피로감, 지각된 현실감, 2D vs. 3D driving simulation, speed maintenance, car following, subjective fatigue, perceived fidelity

The number of people using on-line shopping has rapidly increased over time. In particular, open-market is the most potential on-line market. Since there are too many products in open-market, customers have serious troubles finding products they want. Thus, interface should be improved so that open-market is able to offer products they want effectively. This study analyzed web interface based on main web pages of four major open-market companies in Korea, and performed satisfaction evaluation according to the analyzed factors. As a result, it reveals that what kind of factors the customers prefer and there is a causal relation between the most satisfactory open-market and the preferred factors of the customers.

keyword : 오픈마켓, 웹 인터페이스, 분산분석, open market, web interface, Analysis of variance

The positive relationship between older driver`s mobility and life satisfaction is well established(e. g., Collins, 2008). The present study showed that this relationship can be changed by older drivers` motivation, aspects of mobility, and affectivity. Specifically, this study examined whether aspects of mobility(amount of driving measured by travel distance and time: ``AD`` or amount of driving for social activity: ``DSA``) can be differed as a function of approach/avoidance motivation(measured by BIS/BAS scale, Carver et al., 1994) and positive/negative affect(PA/NA; measured by SPANAS, Diener et al., 2009) mediate the relationship between the aspects of mobility and life satisfaction(measured by SWLS, Diener et al., 1985). Self-reported scores of the variables of 132 older drivers(ages of over 65) were analyzed using correlation analysis and path analysis. The results can be summarized as followings. First, the older driver`s BAS was found to be positively related to DSA, but BIS was negatively to AD. In particular, DSA positively mediated the relationship between BAS and PA. Second, PA, in turn, positively mediated the relationship between DSA and life satisfaction. The results can provide useful insights to understand the relationship between older driver`s driving property, motivation, affectivity and life satisfaction.

keyword : 고령운전자, 접근/회피동기, 이동성, 긍정/부정정서, 삶의 만족, older driver, approach/avoidance motivation, mobility, positive/negative affect, life satisfaction

This study examined the characteristics of brain`s reaction pattern concerning the preference for product images and compared them with the result of subjects` intuitive evaluation of their preference for the same materials. Two tests were conducted; the first one that calculated comfort properties based on brainwave measurements in order to examine the impression given by the images of products presented separately, one-by-one, and the second one that had subjects evaluate the preference directly by comparing the images of all products simultaneously. The first test was titled ‘Independent Cognitive Response’ and the second test, ‘Relative Cognitive Response’, and their characteristics were as follows. In the ‘Independent Cognitive Response’, the state of emotion was expressed in absolute values based on the comparison with the information accumulated through the subject`s own experience and the feeling expressed as ‘pleasant’ or ‘unpleasant’ persisted as absolute values. In the ‘Relative Cognitive Response’, the state of emotion relative to the information of other images compared in the stage of perceiving the images was expressed, and in this case, the state of emotion described as ‘calm’ or ‘excited’ acted as relative values.

keyword : 제품 이미지, 선호도 평가, 쾌적도, 상대적 가치, product image, preference evaluation, comfort properties, relative value

This double-blind study, as a human experiment of nonlocality, investigated the effects of senders` intention on the central nervous system of a distant human receiver and it explored the roles that motivation might have in modulating these effects. Whole brain activity was measured in the receiver whom was asked to relax in a distant room for 16 minutes; the sending person directed intention of oneness toward the receiver during repeated variable-second epochs separated by variable-second non-intention epochs. The total length of intention epochs and that of nonintention epochs were balanced. Eighteen sessions were conducted. In 9 of those sessions, the sender was the receiver`s lover. In another 9 of those sessions, the sender was just acquainted with the receiver before the session. The receiver`s whole brain activity recorded during the intention epochs were compared with the same measures recorded during the nonintention epochs used as controls. The statistical difference between the intentions versus controls across 18 sessions was examined by paired-t test. In addition, subgroup analysis for the 9 couple sessions and 9 non-couple sessions were additionally examined by the same test. The effect of distant intentionality decreased slow waves or increased EEG fast waves mainly in frontal regions, and increased EEG coherence during the intention epochs. The effects was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, but the couple sessions combined showed the largest effect followed by all sessions combined. Non-couple sessions combined showed the smallest effect. The changes in EEG power mean that receiver participants became more alert during the intention epochs and the change in EEG coherence might be evidence of coherent heart influence on EEG activity. Planned comparison with specific hypothesis testing for the suggested changes in this study have to be followed for an evidence of electroencephalographic changes in isolated subjects for the distant mental intention.

keyword : Distant mental intention, EEG, oneness, coherence, nonlocality

Verbal communication has limits in the interaction between robot and man, and therefore nonverbal communication is required for realizing smoother and more efficient communication and even the emotional expression of the robot. This study derived 7 pieces of nonverbal information based on shopping behavior using the robot designed to support shopping, selected facial expression as the element of the nonverbal information derived, and coded face components through 2D analysis. Also, this study analyzed the significance of the expression of nonverbal information using 3D animation that combines the codes of face components. The analysis showed that the proposed expression method for nonverbal information manifested high level of significance, suggesting the potential of this study as the base line data for the research on nonverbal information. However, the case of ``embarrassment`` showed limits in applying the coded face components to shape and requires more systematic studies.

keyword : 감성적 인터랙션, 로봇, 비언어적 정보, 표정 요소, Emotional interaction, Human robot, Nonverbal information, Facial expression factors

Composite draw textured yarns(DTY) and air jet textured yarns(ATY) with hollow PET filament have been used for making high emotional fabrics including light weight sports wear garments. This study investigated effect of hollow composite yarns and fabric structural parameters to the comfort properties related to the moisture and thermal transport phenomena for the composite fabrics made of DTY and ATY with hollow PET filament. Wicking property of hollow composite fabric was superior at the high pore size fabric and was not influenced by fabric cover factor. Wicking property of the fabric with ATY was better than that of the fabric with DTY. On the other hand, drying rate of fine pore sized fabric was shorter than that of large pore sized fabric and drying rate of high multi yarn fabric with low cover factor and small pore size was superior than that of hollow composite fabric. The pore size of the fabric was dominant factor in the air permeability and thermal conductivity of hollow composite fabric. High pore sized fabric showed high air permeability and thermal conductivity of hollow composite fabric was nonlinearly inversely proportional to pore size of the fabric.

keyword : 중공사, 흡수성, 건조율, 공기투과도, 열전도도, 기공크기, air jet texturing, aramid/nylon hybrid ATY, aramid ATY, protective garments, physical properties

Smart-phones have become a vital part of our lives, paying a bill online, shopping using applications, using email and office applications. Therefore, the risk of the leakage of personal informations and the misuse of them becomes high, for the cost of loosing smart-phone. Many types of smart-phone security features such as password, slide-lock, and pattern lock have been introduced. However, those security locks make users not to easily access and use a smart-phone. There is tradeoff between security on one hand, and usability and cost on the other. This paper propose Self-Concealment to solve the tradeoff problem and demonstrate the effect through the experiment. In sum, Self-Concealment lowers smart-phone experience; however increases smart-phone use intension. This paper has implication for proposing new User Experience (UX) construct to resolve the trade-off between security and usability.

keyword : 스마트폰, 잠금 해제 과정, 보안 기능, 사용성, 자기 은폐성, Smart-phone, Unlocking Process, Security Function, Usability, Self-Concealment, User Experience, UX

Corporations continue to make a lot of efforts to provide more competitive services as the focus of industry is migrating from products to services. This study aims to shed new light on the potential values of the sense for service innovation through design and propose the workshop methodology for deriving sense-based product and service concepts. To this end, this study investigated the literatures related to the product and service innovation cases based on the conventional idea workshop and sense and also the value of sense. Moreover, it systematized the methodology that established the perspective of sense to the conventional idea workshop methodology. To verify the established methodology, this study extracted the elements to be modified and supplemented from the workshop methodology through the previous case studies. As a result of the study, it was possible to verify the validity as to the sense-based idea workshop methodology and reflect the opinions as to the improvement direction. Consequently, this study is regarded meaningful for proposing the approach of a new perspective as to the sense. Also, this study is deemed meaningful for proposing and verifying the specific idea workshop methodology for the approach hereof.

keyword : 감각 중심의 디자인, 오감, 아이디어 워크숍, Sensors-Centered Design, Five Senses, Idea Workshop

The study of loss aversion has progressed. Specifically, Brenner et al. (2007) distinguished between possession loss aversion (PLA) and valence loss aversion (VLA) and explained PLA is the loss of cash or spot goods (money, apartment) and that VLA is the loss of tentative value (opportunity of oversea study, coupon). Also, they explored how the tendency of loss aversion was different between when possession loss was salience and when valence loss was outstanding. But, in our everyday life, it is more common that people face some economic situation where the gain and loss between possession and valence are competing. And, in this situation, they usually choose a better option based on their ordinary mind-set or self-focus rather than on which option has more benefit. Therefore, present research is that whether the tendency of loss aversion is different based on one`s ordinary self-focus. Concretely, after priming promotion focus vs. prevention focus, participants should decide whether present occupation changes or not when gain and loss between possession and valence compete (income increase but oversea study chance decrease or income decrease but oversea study chance increase). As a result, there are more rate of changing job in promotion focusing condition than prevention focusing condition based on positive change irrespective of possession or valence. This result can have implication for marketing, consumer and advertisement psychology.

keyword : 손실회피, 소유, 유인가, 의사결정, 자기조절초점, Loss aversion, Possession, Valence, Decision Making, Self-regulatory focus