Science of Emotion and Sensibility

This study proposes a novel approach to visually restoring Goguryeo-period clothing using generative artificial intelligence (AI). To achieve this, visual characteristics of Goguryeo attire were extracted from sources considered closely related with the period, including Goguryeo tomb murals, haniwa (clay figurines), Saekdong (traditional multicolored stripes), and ancient textiles excavated across Asia. These elements informed the visual reconstruction of Goguryeo clothing through generative AI. First, clothing characteristics from the Three Kingdoms period were compiled through a literature review. Reference images for restoration were then selected, and tailored prompts were designed for DALL-E to generate restored images. The generated images were analyzed to determine how Goguryeo clothing was visually represented. The visual completeness and historical appropriateness of the restored images, which reflected features found in tomb murals and haniwa, were also assessed. Specifically, by incorporating Saekdong and traditional pattern-dyed textiles unearthed from various regions of North and East Asia, the study explored possible applications of these fabrics in ancient attire. Generative AI played a meaningful role in the visual reconstruction of traditional garments. This study is significant in that it demonstrates the potential of generative artificial intelligence for visually restoring ancient clothing and thereby offers a new solution to the visual limitations traditionally encountered in historical costume research.

keyword : Generative AI, Clothing Restoration, Goguryeo Tomb Murals, Haniwa, Saekdong. Geum & Gye, 생성형 인공지능, 복식 복원, 고구려 고분벽화, 하니와, 색동, 금계 직물

Previous studies on the growth mindset have focused on the effect of the level of the growth mindset on the value judgment of one's own achievements. Expanding on this, present study was conducted with the purpose of confirming whether the value judgment on the achievement of athletes participating in the Olympics differs depending on the level of growth mindset, and exploring the psychological mechanisms that affect this judgment. Recruited participants responded to their growth mindset, the number of silver and bronze medals corresponding to one gold medal, and their perception of the purpose of their efforts. As a result, the lower the level of growth mindset, the stronger the perception that the purpose of effort is to win the competition, and the number of silver and bronze medals corresponding to one gold medal increased. Conversely, the higher the level of growth mindset, the stronger the perception that the purpose of effort is to improve ability, and the number of silver and bronze medals corresponding to one gold medal decreased. This means that the lower the growth mindset, the larger the difference in value between the gold medal and other medals, and the higher, the smaller the difference in value between the gold medal and other medals. This effect was mediated by the perception of the purpose of effort. This study has implications in that it shows that a growth mindset can affect not only one's own achievement evaluation but also the achievement evaluation of the community.

keyword : Mindset Theory, Growth Mindset, Fixed Mindset, Purpose of Effort, Olympics, 마인드셋 이론, 성장 마인드셋, 고정 마인드셋, 노력의 목적, 올림픽

The question of whether core affective dimensions are represented in a modality-general or modality-specific manner remains a central issue in affective science. Most prior research examined vision and audition, leaving unclear whether other modalities, such as gustation, share similar affective structures. Using behavioral ratings from Park and Kim (2024), we applied a Bayesian hierarchical multivariate model to examine emotional responses to gustatory and auditory stimuli. We defined theoretically motivated contrasts for valence and arousal and assessed alignment between estimated category effects and these contrasts through posterior projections, cosine similarity, and Mahalanobis distances. Across analyses, valence exhibited strong alignment between modalities, with minimal cross-modal differences, supporting a modality-general representation. Conversely, arousal showed weak and divergent alignments: taste displayed weak positive alignment, whereas music exhibited negative alignment, accompanied by greater cross-modal separability. Posterior predictive checks indicated that the model adequately captured the observed condition means. These results align with previous neuroimaging, psychophysiological, and behavioral evidence suggesting that valence is encoded in abstract, supramodal representations, while arousal is more sensitive to modality-specific processes. Methodologically, this study demonstrates the value of Bayesian multivariate modeling in quantifying uncertainty and testing theoretically driven contrasts in multidimensional affective data.

keyword : Bayesian Analysis, Valence, Arousal, Modality-General, Modality-Specific, Posterior Predictive Check

Previous studies on emotion elicitation have primarily relied on traditional 2D videos to induce specific emotions. In contrast, 360° videos offer more immersive and interactive experiences by encompassing the viewer’s entire field of vision. The present study examined emotional responses as participants viewed 360° videos in virtual reality (VR). Fifty participants watched 30 videos distributed across five conditions (fear, excitement, boredom, disgust, and calm), with six videos per condition, and rated their emotions after each video. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to assess the effect of condition on valence and arousal. Results showed significant effects on both dimensions, with each condition aligning with its intended position in the core affect space. Intersubject correlation (ISC) analyses further indicated greater consistency among participants for positive conditions than for negative ones. These findings support the use of VR-based 360° videos as effective and controllable stimuli for eliciting emotions along core affect dimensions and offer a valuable resource for future emotion research.

keyword : Virtual Reality, Core Affect, Valence, Arousal, Intersubject Correlation Analysis, 가상현실, 핵심 정서, 정서가, 각성가, 참가자 간 상관분석

This Level 3 automated driving simulation study examined the effects of day or night driving and non-driving task (NDT) engagement on young and older drivers' takeover time (TOT), vehicle control (VC), and subjective workload (SW). Participants were required to quickly and accurately resume manual control and avoid an obstacle that suddenly appeared ahead during NDT engagement. The results were as follows. First, both night driving and NDT engagement increased participants' TOT, deteriorated longitudinal and lateral vehicle control, and elevated subjective workload. Second, older drivers exhibited poorer vehicle control performance than younger drivers. Third, when night driving and NDT engagement were combined, older drivers performed worse than younger drivers across all dependent measures. These findings indicate that attentional distraction in older drivers during nighttime Level 3 automated driving may heighten difficulties in interacting with the automated vehicle and avoiding obstacles in emergency situations.

keyword : Level-3 Automated Driving, Older Drivers, Day/Night Driving, Non-Driving Task, Control Takeover, Vehicle Control, 3-수준 자율주행, 고령운전자, 주간/야간 운전, 비운전과제, 제어권 전환, 차량제어

In addition to well-documented impairments in social communication and interaction, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently demonstrate atypical perceptual and cognitive processing across multiple levels. Prior research has consistently reported difficulties in the perception of global coherent motion and biological motion (BM) in individuals with ASD. However, evidence regarding the nature and extent of BM perception impairments remains inconclusive, with studies reporting heterogeneous findings. Because BM conveys not only kinematic motion cues but also socially and emotionally relevant information, a comprehensive evaluation of BM perception in ASD necessitates consideration of both perceptual and contextual influences. This study examined whether children ASD and typically developing (TD) children differ in their perception of partially scrambled BM stimuli as human movement. In addition, global motion perception was assessed using a coherent motion detection task. The results demonstrated that children with ASD performed significantly worse than TD children on the coherent motion task, indicating impairments in global motion processing. In contrast, no significant group differences were observed in judgment criteria for partially scrambled BM stimuli. These findings suggest that although children with ASD exhibit deficits in global motion perception, the availability of social and contextual cues embedded in BM stimuli may support and enhance their perceptual judgments.

keyword : Autism Spectrum Disorder, Motion Perception, Biological Motion, Context, Social Functioning, 자폐스펙트럼장애, 운동지각, 생물형운동, 맥락, 사회적기능

This exploratory study examined differences in university students’ attention and cognitive load as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) under two instructional approaches: student-centered and instructor-centered teaching. To enhance ecological validity, the study was conducted in a routine classroom environment using standard instructional content and a wearable wireless EEG device. Five first-year university students participated in two sessions of a general chemistry lecture, during which High Beta, Theta, and Alpha band power were recorded in real time. Based on these measurements, the Theta/High Beta ratio (TBR) and Theta/Alpha Ratio (TAR) were calculated. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicated that High Beta power, reflecting external attention and sustained focus, was consistently higher during instructor-centered instruction in both sessions. In contrast, Theta power, associated with working memory activation and increased cognitive processing demands or fatigue, was higher during student-centered instruction in both sessions. Higher TBR values, which may reflect increased task demands, difficulties in maintaining attention, or accumulated fatigue, were observed during student-centered instruction in the first session; however, no significant difference was found in the second session. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in TAR, an indicator of task difficulty and cognitive load, between instructional approaches in either session. These findings suggest that students’ neurophysiological responses related to attention and cognitive processing vary according to instructional methods and highlight the potential contribution of EEG-based analyses to future research in educational settings.

keyword : Teaching and Learning Methods, Educational Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, Wearable Devices, Cognition, Attention, 교수-학습법, 교육신경과학, 뇌파, 웨어러블 디바이스, 인지, 주의집중력