Past Issues

This study is about what process and methodology could make UI designer be able to achieve the interface which considers user`s mental model through implementing corporate line-up model, when people design an interface between product of multi-function printer and user. The most important concern of UI designers who are dealing with an interface between product and user is how they can make product system image match user`s mental model so that users can utilize products without any confusion and discomfort. If concept model which designers bring up and mental model which users expect and recognize could be of one accord, then users can feel ease of use toward products. The understanding and observation for user behavior and use pattern is prerequisite to develop user-centered interface between product and user. However, UI designers do design interface from their own perspective and assumption in many business areas, and users do not react as designers assumed and intended in many cases or examples. This study is to find inappropriate system images against users` mental model on basic function of multi-function printer, and the relationship of system image and user`s mental model is diagramed to build up a hypothesis. The hypothesis from this study is validated through evaluation of domestic and international users. In addition, two suggestions to improve usability problems revealed from user test are proposed. The optimal solution is designed based on the result of user evaluation and consideration of many user environments, and then it is implemented to line-up product. In conclusion, this study considers how UI designers can create system image which is close to user`s mental model.

keyword : Mental Model, User Interface, Multi-Function Printer, Usability, 심성모형, 사용자 인터페이스, 프린터복합기, 사용성

According to diversity of life style, introduction of well-being trend and increase of demand based on the IT-convergence, Recently "smart clothing" study has been diversified on user applications such as entertainment, healthcare, business and sports. And the smart clothing`s market has been progressed in diverse aspects. But, study of smart clothing based on consumer aspect and market diversification is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to identify consumer`s needs on smart clothing and to suggest directions for development of smart clothing based on their lifestyle that focused on digital and fashion lifestyle that be closely connected with smart clothing product development. This study is focused on the ages of 20-30 who are considered to be high demand consumers on the smart clothing market. As a result of study, life style based on clothing and digital is categorized 3 types as trend-pursuit style, sensual information-pursuit style and practical function-pursuit style. we suggested direction for development of smart clothing based on consumer`s needs of the smart clothing according to the customer`s lifestyle types.

keyword : fashion and digital Lifestyle, smart clothing, perception, recognition, smart clothing planning, 라이프스타일, 스마트 의류, 수용도, 인지도, 스마트 의류 상품 기획

This study investigated the effects of contiguity and reading mode on cognitive load factors measured by Galvanic Skin Response(GSR). In this study two experimental conditions were imposed to participants to measure cognitive load with the high contiguity picture and low contiguity picture. Thirty-four college students participated to this experiment(experiment group=17, control group=17), and spilt-plot factorial design was applied to control individual difference in galvanic skin response. Tasks of this experiment were reading and summary. The dependent variables were skin conductance response, and perceived difficulty. The independent variables were the degree of contiguity of visual material(high contiguity vs. low contiguity). The major result of this study was identification of a significant difference of GSR with low contiguity condition. Indeed it was identified that more complex reading condition required more cognitive loads. This finding supported that different cognitive process might require different amounts of cognitive loads. For the further research, this study discussed the validity of applying physiological signals to assess cognitive loads and relationships the associated affective reactions.

keyword : Galvanic Skin Response, contiguity principle, cognitive Load theory, reading mode, 전기피부반응, 근접성원리, 인지부하이론, 읽기모드

The study is to examine relationship between the level of depression and facial EMG responses during the humor condition. Forty-three children(age range 22-49 years) participated in the study. The Korean Personality Inventory for Children(KPI-C) was used to measure the level of depression in children. While children were presented to audio-visual film clip inducing humor, facial EMG were measured on their faces(bilateral corrugators and orbicularis). A baseline state was measured during 60 seconds before the presentation of the stimulus, i.e., emotional state lasting 120 seconds. Participants were asked to report the intensity of their experienced emotion. The results of emotion assessment showed 95.3% appropriateness and 3.81 intensity on the 5 points Likert scale). Facial EMG showed a significant increase while participants experiencing humor compared to baseline state. Additionally, the result showed a negative correlation between right corrugator responses and the level of depression. The study findings showed the more children experienced depression, the less facial EMG activity they had while experiencing humor.

keyword : Children, Depression, Facial EMG, Humor, Audio-visual Film Clips, 아동, 유머, 안면근육반응, 우울, 시청각 동영상 자극

The purpose of this study was to examine differences between 20s and 60s in blood oxygen saturation due to 93% oxygen administration of the three levels(1L/min, 3L/min, 5L/min). Ten 20s male(25.0±1.8 years), ten 20s female(23.7±1.9 years), ten 60s male(68.0±2.6 years), and ten 60s female(65.5±3.1 years) were selected as the subjects for this study. The oxygen supply equipment(OXUS Co.) provided oxygen by supply rate(i.e., 1L/min, 3L/min, and 5L/min) at a constant rate of 93% oxygen. The experiment consisted of three phases, i.e., Pre-hyperoxia(5min), Hyperoxia(10min), and Post-hyperoxia(5min). Blood oxygen saturation were measured throughout the three phases. By increasing the amount of highly concentrated oxygen administration, blood oxygen saturation was increased. Blood oxygen saturation of 20s was higher than 60s. Blood oxygen saturation was greater during Hyperoxia than during Pre- and Post-hyperoxia. However, rising rate of blood oxygen saturation of 60s by oxygen administration was higher than 20s.

keyword : blood oxygen saturation, SPO2, highly concentrated oxygen, age, 혈중 산소 포화도, 고농도 산소, 연령(20대, 60대)

Most of the researches about classification usually have used kNN(k-Nearest Neighbor), SVM(Support Vector Machine), which are known as learn-based model, and Bayesian classifier, NNA(Neural Network Algorithm), which are known as statistics-based methods. However, there are some limitations of space and time when classifying so many web pages in recent internet. Moreover, most studies of classification are using uni-gram feature representation which is not good to represent real meaning of words. In case of Korean web page classification, there are some problems because of korean words property that the words have multiple meanings(polysemy). For these reasons, LSA(Latent Semantic Analysis) is proposed to classify well in these environment(large data set and words` polysemy). LSA uses SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) which decomposes the original term-document matrix to three different matrices and reduces their dimension. From this SVD`s work, it is possible to create new low-level semantic space for representing vectors, which can make classification efficient and analyze latent meaning of words or document(or web pages). Although LSA is good at classification, it has some drawbacks in classification. As SVD reduces dimensions of matrix and creates new semantic space, it doesn`t consider which dimensions discriminate vectors well but it does consider which dimensions represent vectors well. It is a reason why LSA doesn`t improve performance of classification as expectation. In this paper, we propose new LSA which selects optimal dimensions to discriminate and represent vectors well as minimizing drawbacks and improving performance. This method that we propose shows better and more stable performance than other LSAs` in low-dimension space. In addition, we derive more improvement in classification as creating and selecting features by reducing stopwords and weighting specific values to them statistically.

keyword : Categorization, Text, Feature, LSA, SVD, Supervised Learning, 범주화, 텍스트, 자질, 지도적 학습

The objective of this study was to test the estimation possibility of driver`s stress degrees with the HRV analysis. For this, first, HRV analysis was applied to the 5 driver`s ECG signals which were acquired in 7 different stress situations. From this, the facts that HRV trend was different from that in long-distance driving and 6 parameters-meanRR, sdRR, HF, LF/HF, LFnorm, HFnorm were useful for the stress estimation in stress varying driving situation. Next, we designed 5 personalized linear regression models in which 6 HRV parameters were input and the outcomes were 7 different stress degrees. Finally, we tested each model for 5min-long 16 segments individually. Consequently, the models could not hit the stress degrees exactly in some segments but the correlation coefficients between original stress pattern and estimated stress pattern during entire driving showed reasonably high.

keyword : Driver, HRV analysis, stress degrees estimation, Linear regression model, 운전자, 심박변이도 분석, 스트레스 정도 추정, 선형회귀 모델

LED technology offers versatile lighting control while having a very low environmental impact. Consequently, increasing attention is being paid to the emotional impact of LED lighting. This study investigated whether the chromacity of LED lighting influences people`s time perception. To this end, two empirical studies were conducted: First, in experiment I(N=28), the subjects compared their perception of the time duration, which was varied from 3s to 20s, for 6 chromatically nuanced lighting conditions, respectively, with that under a daylight condition. The results showed that, in warm-color nuanced lighting conditions, the subjects perceived time to pass more slowly than in the daylight condition. On the contrary, in cool-color nuanced lighting conditions, the subjects perceived time to pass more rapidly than in the daylight condition. Then, in experiment II(N=39), the subjects were asked to count for 90 seconds while simultaneously performing some cognitive tasks. Confirming the results found in experiment I, the subjects perceived time to pass more rapidly in cool-color nuanced lighting conditions than in warm-color nuanced lighting conditions, although the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05). In addition, the subjects tended to perceive the time to be shorter when the nuanced color of the light was closer to their preferred color.

keyword : LED Lighting, Emotional Lighting, Chromacity, Illumination, Time Perception, LED, 감성조명, 색도, 조도, 시간 인지

This study is aimed to compare cross-cultural individualism, and consider an influence of nationality, gender and age on individualistic propensity. The survey data include 271 Chinese, 251 Japanese, 262 Netherlander and 267 Korean. The result of factor analysis, four factors named independent action, profit and opinion, indifference on other and will, were found out. The result of comparison on nationality, Netherlander and Japanese has a strong individualistic propensity, and Korean has a remarkable collective propensity. Chinese were middle grade among 4 countries. It can be said that certain factors correlated with a certain country, because Netherlander`s answer on questions belonged to profit and opinion factor were highest, and Japanese`s one belonged to indifference on other were highest. On gender, Man was more individualistic better than woman. On age, twenties has strong collective propensity better than other age groups. The number of significant difference on comparison among countries is 21 in 21 questions, but the number on gender or age is 6 or 7. Therefore, it can be said that nationality (or culture) is most useful variable to grasp individualism.

keyword : Individualism, Collectivism, National culture, Gender, Age, 개인주의, 집단주의, 국가 문화, 성별, 연령

This study investigates the dominant degree of product design factors through the process of change of design factors. The previous research suggested a concrete measurement method of dominant designs, but it did not investigate empirically the degree of dominance due to the limited data for changes of designs. In this research, thus, after collecting design data of mobile phones and we measured the dominance and structure change of the designs by year. The analyses showed the following two things. First, in design factors of mobile phone the dominance on the body form and the edge grows more and both of them as dominant design factors tend to converge into the rectangular body form and the round edge, respectively. Second, the dominance on other design factors(e.g. the button type, the open type, whether or not to have digital multimedia broadcasting(DMB) and video telephony functions, the combination of colors and the body color) increases and decreases; and hence, design levels tend to diverge. In conclusion, the measurement of dominance on product design factors contributes to marketing managers and designers who are required to establish a strategy for products under the rapidly changing circumstances of market. This research aims to provide those managers and designers with a guide line for a successful development of new product to prepare for the dominant design from this empirical study.

keyword : mobile phone, design factor, dominant design, dominance, dominant structure, 휴대폰, 디자인 요소, 지배적 디자인, 지배력, 지배구조