Past Issues

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adequate clothing pressure of upper and lower body foundation garment and subjective assessment of those compressive foundation depending on various wearing conditions. Eighteen women in their 30s and 40s participated in the experiments for this study to evaluate the level of clothing pressure of girdle and waist nipper. Subjects were divided into two groups by the wearing habits of foundation, one is the group of wearing foundation garment ``tightly`` and the other is ``loosely``, It was found that the group wearing foundation garment ``loosely`` was much more sensitive than the group of ``tightly`` in everyday life. The adequate pressure of upper foundation, waist nipper was about 1.5±0.8 kPa which is lower than that of the lower body foundation, girdle. And at the same time, the sensitivity of the pressure level was higher when subjects are wearing waist nipper compared with wearing girdle. Therefore, precise pattern making process is necessary to meet the adequate level of pressure of the upper body foundation such as waist nipper, specially for those who used to wear clothing loosely.

keyword : 착용습관, 의복압, 주관적 압박감, 압박 화운데이션, Wearing habits of the clothes, Subjective assessment, Clothing pressure, Compressive foundaiton

This article aims to explore the interactive roles of types of primed identity (local versus global identity) and types of ad framing on brand evaluations. The authors designed 2 experiments in which each experiment followed a 2 × 2 between-subject design. The empirical results showed that a gain-framed ad induced more positive emotional responses than a loss-framed ad, and the positive affective responses lead to more favorable brand evaluation. Furthermore, the results showed that there were interactive effects of primed identity and types of advertisement frame on brand evaluation. In the additional analysis, the results showed that when people with local identity were exposed to the gain-framed ad, they would engage in a higher level of integration processing than those in the control group, which in turn induced more favorable evaluation to the local brand. That is, the integration processing mode played a mediating role between the interaction (local id priming × ad frame) and the local brand evaluation. However, in the case of global brand evaluation, the integration processing mode did not play such a mediating role.

keyword : Brand Evaluation, Gain-framed Advertisement, Global Identity, Local Identity, Loss-framed Advertisement, Pattern Activation

In this paper, we analyze the effect of the depth perception, volume perception and visual discomfort according to the change of the quality of the depth image and the depth of the major object. For the analysis, a 2D image was converted to eighteen 3D images using depth images generated based on the different depth position of a major object and background, which were represented in three detail levels. The subjective test was carried out using eighteen 3D images so that the degrees of the depth perception, volume perception and visual discomfort recognized by the subjects were investigated according to the change in the depth position of the major object and the quality of depth map. The absolute depth position of a major object and the relative depth difference between background and the major object were adjusted in three levels, respectively. The details of the depth map was also represented in three levels. Experimental results showed that the quality of the depth image differently affected the depth perception, volume perception and visual discomfort according to the absolute and relative depth position of the major object. In the case of the cardboard depth image, it severely damaged the volume perception regardless of the depth position of the major object. Especially, the depth perception was also more severely deteriorated by the cardboard depth image as the major object was located inside the screen than outside the screen. Furthermore, the subjects did not felt the difference of the depth perception, volume perception and visual comport from the 3D images generated by the detail depth map and by the rough depth map. As a result, it was analyzed that the excessively detail depth map was not necessary for enhancement of the stereoscopic perception in the 2D-to-3D conversion.

keyword : 3D 영상, 입체변환, 깊이맵, 휴먼팩터, 시각피로, 3D media, 3D converting, depth map, human factor, visual fatigue

“Time versus money effect” refers to a favorable shift in consumers` responses activated by time(vs. money). Igeneral, how people spend their time or money could reflect one`s personal identity. Previous research indicates that drawing individuals` attention to time makes more effective in product satisfaction rather than money. Also, whereas because time is experienced as an experience, time activates more positive product satisfaction for experiential product rather than materialistic product, money has the reverse effect because money relates with possessions. Present study examined the effect of time and money on consumers` attitudes and decisions and the role of product type including smartphone. In experiment 1, participants evaluated their experiences or their own products(family restaurant, smartphone, premium jean). They satisfied more with their smartphones when activated by time than by money. In experiment 2, 3 image ads, a promotion image ad for each product(family restaurant, smartphone, premium jean), were offered to find the effect of time and money in promotion ads. The interaction effects between activating condition and product type were revealed on the product attitudes, product satisfaction, purchase intent, and personal connection reflecting the consistent time effect on smartphone. In addition, the main effect of the activating condition was significant which meant time activating ads were more effective than money activating ads. Key words : The effect of time and money, product type, consumers` attitudes, satisfaction, purchase intention, personal connection

keyword : 시간과 돈 효과, 제품유형, 소비자의 태도, 만족도, 구매의사, 개인적 관련성, The effect of time and money, product type, consumers` attitudes, satisfaction, purchase intention, personal connection

Folksonomies have potential problems caused by synonyms, tagging level, neologisms and so forth when retrieving music by tags. These problems can be tackled by introducing the mood intensity (Arousal and Valence value) of music as its internal tag. That is, if moods of music pieces and their mood tags are all represented internally by numeric values, A (Arousal) value and V (Valence) value, and they are retrieved by these values, then music pieces having similar mood with the mood tag of a query can be retrieved based on the similarity of their AV values though their tags are not exactly matched with the query. As a prerequisite study, in this paper, we propose the mapping table defining the relation between AV values and folksonomy tags. For analysis of the association between AV values and tags, ANOVA tests are performed on the test data collected from the well known music retrieval site last.fm. The results show that the P values for A values and V values are 0.0, which means the null hypotheses could be rejected and the alternative hypotheses could be adopted. Consequently, it is verified that the distribution of AV values depends on folksonomy tags.

keyword : 음악 분위기, 폭소노미, 태그, last.fm, AV 태그, mood of music, folksonomy, tag, last.fm, AV tag

The visual sensibility and preferences are closely related with color combinations, stripe intervals, and strip complexity. We studied the effect of stripes characteristics on visual sensibility and preferences for men`s shirts fabrics. As a result of a factor analysis, the adjectives were classified by viewers into 5 factors as attraction, maturity, dignity, practicality, and simplicity. We found that stripe intervals had a significant visual effect on maturity, dignity, and practicality. The uneven stripes had higher scores for dignity and practical while lower for mature. The stripes with consecutive order of two different thickness were felt more strongly in attractive, practical, and preferred. The results also showed that stripes with compound and contrast colors were attractive and preferred.

keyword : 셔츠, 줄무늬, 색상, 감성, 선호도, Shirts, Stripes, Color, Sensibility, Preference

The underlying changes in biological processes that are associated with reported changes in mental and physical health in response to yoga breathing (pranayama) have not been systematically explored yet. In this study, theeffects of a yoga breathing program on prefrontal EEG were tested with middle-aged women. Participants were collected as volunteers and controlled into two groups. Two channel EEG was recorded in the prefrontal region (Fp1, Fp2) from the yoga breathing group (n=17) and control group (n=17). QEEG quotients were transformed from the EEGs and analyzed by the ANOVAs on gain scores. As a result, α/δ (left, right) and CQ (correlation quotient) for yoga breathing participants were significantly decreased compared to control group (p<.05). α/βH ＋ α/δ (left, right) were increased significantly (p<.05). For those significantly changed QEEG quotients, the interaction effects of Group x prefrontal alpha (α) and beta (β) asymmetry were tested. Only the α asymmetry showed main effect on the gain score of α/βH ＋ α/δ (right) with F (1, 34)＝5.694 (p<.05). Pearson`s correlation coefficient between α asymmetry and gain score of α/βH ＋ α/δ (right) was .374 (p<.05). The gain score of α/βH ＋ α/δ (right) was increased for the right α dominance of yoga breathing group. On the contrary it was decreased for the left α dominance of yoga breathing group as well as the control regardless of the dominance. The result of this study implies that yoga breathing increases stress resistance and is effective in the management of physical stress. Emotionally relaxed people may have greater instantaneous stress reduction after yoga breathing. Moreover, yoga breathing could be also beneficial for depressed who may be more vulnerable to stress.

keyword : yoga breathing, electroencephalography (EEG), QEEG, prefrontal asymmetry, stress

Recently, researches of piezoelectric energy harvesting were tried and in this study, a piezoelectric energy harvestingclothes was developed. First, piezoelectric energy harvesting zone on the extremities were drawn by 3D motion capturing and as a result, the hip, the elbow, and the knee were determined. A new structure of piezoelectric harvester was developed for appling to clothes. Because it needed to be flexible and sensitive for human body, the 2 layer stacked structure was proposed. A prototype of seamless garment was designed for a harvesting clothes because it needed to be body-tight and not to restrict the movement. High peak-to-peak voltages were acquired from the energy harvesting clothes.

keyword : 모션캡쳐, 에너지 수확 의류, 인체동작 에너지 수확, 적층 구조의 압전 수확 소자, 무봉제 의류, motion capture system, energy harvesting clothes, energy harvesting from body movement, stacked piezoelectricity harvester, seamless garment

The study compares accuracies between humans and computer algorithms in the discrimination of spontaneou smiles from posed smiles. For this purpose, subjects performed two tasks, one was judgment with single pictures and the other was judgment with pair comparison. At the task of judgment with single pictures, in which pictures of smiling facial expression were presented one by one, subjects were required to judge whether smiles in the pictures were spontaneous or posed. In the task for judgment with pair comparison, in which two kinds of smiles from one person were presented simultaneously, subjects were to select spontaneous smile. To calculate the discrimination algorithm accuracy, 8 kinds of facial features were used. To calculate the discriminant function, stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) was performed by using approximately 50 % of pictures, and the rest of pictures were classified by using the calculated discriminant function. In the task of single pictures, the accuracy rate of SLDA was higher than that of humans. In the analysis of accuracy on pair comparison, the accuracy rate of SLDA was also higher than that of humans. Among the 20 subjects, none of them showed the above accuracy rate of SLDA. The facial feature contributed to SLDA effectively was angle of inner eye corner, which was the degree of the openness of the eyes. According to Ekman`s FACS system, this feature corresponds to AU 6. The reason why the humans had low accuracy while classifying two kinds of smiles, it appears that they didn`t use the information coming from the eyes enough.

keyword : 인위적 표정, 자발적 표정, 기쁨, 얼굴 표정, posed, spontaneous, smile, facial expression

In the implementation of a P300 speller, rows and columns paradigm (RCP) is most commonly used. However, the RCP remains subject to adjacency-distraction error and double-flash problems. This study suggests a novel P300 spellerstimuli presentation-the sub-block paradigm (SBP) that is likely to solve the problems effectively. Fifteen subjects participated in this experiment where both SBP and RCP were used to implement the P300 speller. Electroencephalography (EEG) activity was recorded from Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz, P3, P4, PO7, and PO8. Each paradigm consisted of a training phase to train a classifier and a testing phase to evaluate the speller. Eighteen characters were used for the target stimuli in the training phase. Additionally, 5 subjects were required to spell 50 characters and the rest of the subjects were to spell 25 characters in the testing phase. Classification accuracy results show that average accuracy was significantly higher in SBP as of 83.73% than that of RCP as of 66.40%. Grand mean event-related potentials (ERPs) at Pz show that positive peak amplitude for the target stimuli was greater in SBP compared to that of RCP. It was found that subjects tended to attend more to the characters in SBP. According to the participants` ratings on how comfortable they were with using each type of paradigm on 7-point Likert scale, most subjects responded ``very difficult`` in RCP while responding ``medium`` and ``easy`` in SBP. The result showed that SBP was felt more comfortable than RCP by the subjects. In sum, the SBP was more correct in P300 speller performance as well as more convenient for users than the RCP. The actual limitations in the study were discussed in the last part of this paper.

keyword : 뇌-컴퓨터 인터페이스, 뇌-기계 인터페이스, P300 문자입력기, ERP, brain-computer interface, brain-machine interface, P300 speller, ERP