| Abstract |
| This study investigates psychological and physiological indicators to measure drivers’ subjective readiness in autonomous driving situations objectively. A total of 51 participants participated in the study, and pre-experimental evaluations employed surveys to assess driving experience, attitude, driving workload, and situation awareness (SA). This study utilized heart rate variability as a physiological indicator, with electrocardiogram data collected during autonomous driving simulations, particularly during driving scenarios requiring drivers’ manual control interventions. Afterward, the participants assessed their state while driving. Results revealed a negative correlation between drivers’ readiness and mental demand and a positive correlation with SA and understanding of the situation. Moreover, results demonstrated significant positive correlations between drivers’ readiness and heart rate variability metrics, particularly the square root of the mean of the sum of the square of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and the proportion-derived NN50 by the total number of NN intervals (pNN50). Comparative analysis of high, medium, and low readiness groups presented significant disparities. The high-readiness group exhibited lower mental demand, higher SA and understanding of the situation, and higher pNN50 during the autonomous driving phase before the takeover. Finally, SA and RMSSD were identified as key predictors of driver readiness. Drivers with lower readiness exhibited heightened autonomic arousal, while those with higher readiness displayed enhanced psychological and physiological stability, attributed to increased parasympathetic activation. These findings highlight the significance of psychological and physiological indicators in predicting readiness, offering valuable insights for developing monitoring technologies to improve driver safety and accident prevention. |
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| Key Words |
| 자율주행, 운전 준비도, 운전부하, 상황인식, 심박변이도, Autonomous Driving, Driver Readiness, Driving Workload, Situation Awareness, Heart Rate Variability |
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