Past Issues

The origins of the world-recognized Korean gat can be traced back to Gojoseon, and the jades for the sangtu and gwanja come from Hongshan culture. This study examines the etymology of the hat, the symbolism of the gat and the jade comb, and the history of the development of the accessories for the hat. The research methods of literature review, investigation of relics and murals, and analysis of cases of pronunciation changes were used. Most of the relics excavated from the Hongshan are identical to those excavated from Korea. The Byun-Khan people wore a triangle-shaped conical hat (the byun), which was shaped to fit the protruding sangtu hairstyle, with a foldable brim that, if pulled downward, changed the hat to a gat. The Chu sangtu, a pointed top-knot hairstyle, is uniquely found among Northeast Asian peoples, and it is an ethnic symbol for Koreans. Until the modern period, many Koreans wore their hair in the sangtu style, indicating their descent from the sky. Jade combs shaped like birds and clouds from the Hongshan period emphasized the religious nature and ceremony of hair styling at that period. The word hat is widely used to refer to gat all over the world. The pronunciation of ㄱg, ㅎh. and ㅋq/kh are closely related to each other, and the ancient pronunciation ㄱg gradually evolved to ㅎh or ㅋq/kh. The English ‘Hat’ and Korean ‘Gat’ were transformed from the middle-ancient sound ‘gasa > gosa > got’ of the crown ‘gwan, gokkal’. This creative hair style culture that started from the Hongshan culture continued to be fashionable during the Gojoseon Dangun period, and the decoration techniques for hats and accessories were inherited over time and continuously developed. Along with the method of making gat, creative hair-related parts, such as manggeons, donggot pins, gwanja buttons, and fine combs were developed over the course of a thousand years.

keyword : Hongshan culture, Gojoseon, MangGeon, Jade comb, Sangtu, 홍산문화, 고조선, 망건, 옥 머리빗, 상투

Minimalism is an increasingly popular lifestyle in which people deliberately seek to live with fewer possessions. However, little scientific research has been done to examine the relationships between minimalism, social value, and happiness. Two recent studies have investigated whether critical components of minimalism, such as subtraction and decluttering could lead to changes in social values and happiness. In Study 1, the participants were presented with pictures of unstable Lego structures for which they were asked to create ideas to resolve problems, either through adding new supports or removing the existing ones. Participants with a stronger tendency to use subtractive transformations reported higher happiness scores. In addition, higher scores in intrinsic value preferences were correlated with higher levels of happiness. In Study 2, cuing minimalism or consumerism using pictures led to changes in materialistic values, motivation for social engagement, and reported happiness scores. These results imply that minimalism as an alternative lifestyle can contribute to social wellbeing and increased happiness. Limitations and implications for future studies are discussed.

keyword : Minimalism, Materialism, Subtraction, Social Values, Happiness, 미니멀리즘, 물질주의, 버리기, 사회적 가치, 행복

Rental services have recently come to be provided in which people can experience traditional Korean culture in the form of Hanok villages, allowing everyone can easily rent and wear hanbok, a traditional Korean garment, regardless of gender and age. Users of hanbok rental services share photos of themselves wearing hanbok on social media, contributing to the increasing popularity of hanbok experiences. However, the trend of wearing hanbok has no become established in people’s daily lives, apart from the specific places that offer hanbok experiences. To promote hanbok as everyday clothes, hanbok design should be developed to provide wearers with both convenience and emotional satisfaction. Using 28 emotion words that express consumers’ emotions toward hanbok that were extracted from previous studies, this study measured consumers’ emotions toward different types of hanbok with on a seven-point Likert scale. Emotion words and categories that obtained scores of five points or above, signifying a rating of “felt fairly” or higher in relation to specific hanbok types were extracted. This study also examined differences in the average scores for emotional categories according to hanbok types and gender. The results indicated that only average scores for the “favorable feeling” category showed a significant difference between men and women. Finally, differences in the average scores for emotional categories were examined by classifying hanbok types: traditional (e.g., baenaet-jeogori, saekdong-jeogori, traditional hanbok for adults, and traditional wedding clothes) and modern (e.g., daily hanbok for children, for women, and for men). The results indicated significant differences between traditional and modern hanbok in six emotional categories (i.e., the cheerful, esthetic, harmonious, fresh, favorable, and stable feeling). This study derived analytic results for terms related to emotions that hanbok wearers feel according to types of hanbok. The findings can be used by hanbok retailers and rental services to provide consumers with greater emotional satisfaction.

keyword : Measuring Consumer's Emotions, Hanbok, Emotional Words, Emotional Category, 소비자 감성측정, 한복, 감성 어휘, 감성 카테고리

Recently, interest in and demand for sensors that recognize physical activity and their products are increasing. In particular, the development of wearable materials that are flexible, stretchable, and able to detect the user's biological signals is drawing attention. In this study, an experiment was conducted to improve the dip-coating efficiency of a single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion solution after fine holes were made in a hydrophobic material with a micro needle. In this study, dip-coating was performed with a material that was not penetrated, and comparative analysis was performed. The electrical conductivity of the sensor was measured when the sensor was stretched using a strain universal testing machine (Dacell Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) and a multimeter (Keysight Technologies, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) was used to measure resistance. It was found that the electrical conductivity of a sensor that was subjected to needling was at least 16 times better than that of a sensor that was not. In addition, the gauge factor was excellent, relative to the initial resistance of the sensor, so good performance as a sensor could be confirmed. Here, the dip-coating efficiency of hydrophobic materials, which have superior physical properties to hydrophilic materials but are not suitable due to their high surface tension, can be adopted to more effectively detect body movements and manufacture sensors with excellent durability and usability.

keyword : Biological Signal Monitoring, CNT-based Sensor, Dip-coating Micro Needling Effect, Smart Textile Sensor, Strain Sensor, 생체신호 분석, CNT기반센서, 함침공정, 마이크로 니들링, 스마트 텍스타일 센서, 스트레인 센서

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the gloss of a product's packaging on purchase intention and the mediating role of perceived corporate eco-friendliness and perceived quality in food area. The participants were randomly assigned to product package condition (glossy vs. matte) and after observing ketchup and potato chips, they responded to questions on about perceived corporate eco-friendliness, perceived quality, and purchase intention. The participants reported their opinion that companies that manufactured matte package products would likely use more organic ingredients and would be more eco-friendly than companies that manufactured glossy package products. The more the participants perceived a company to be eco-friendly, the better they evaluated the company's product quality and the higher their purchase intention. This study has theoretical and practical implications, in that it extends the study of the product package in relation to its effect on corporate image, and it proposes a practical use of matte product package for improving the eco-friendly image of the company. Limitations and further research were also discussed.

keyword : Food Packaging, Glossy Surface, Perceived Corporate Eco-friendliness, Perceived Quality, Purchase Intention, 푸드 패키지, 패키지 광택, 기업 친환경성 인식, 품질인식, 구매의도

Emotional labor, characterized by a dysfunctional type of emotional regulation called surface acting, has detrimental psychological consequences on employees, including depression and social anxiety. Because such disorders exhibit psychological characteristics manifested through brain activation, previous studies have succeeded in distinguishing individuals with depression and social anxiety from healthy controls using their functional connectivity characteristics. However, it has not been established whether the functional connectivity characteristics associated with emotional labor are distinguishable. Thus, we obtained resting-state fMRI data from participants in the emotion labor (EL) group and control (CTRL) group, and we subjected their whole-brain functional connectivity matrices to a linear support vector machine classifier. Our analysis revealed that the EL and CTRL groups could be successfully distinguished on the basis of individuals' connectivity patterns, and confidence in the classification was correlated with the scores on the depression and social anxiety scales. These results are expected to provide insight on the neurobiological characteristics of emotional labor and enable the sorting of employees undergoing adverse emotional labor utilizing neurobiological observations.

keyword : fMRI, Resting-state Functional Connectivity, Emotional Labor, Depression, Social Anxiety

Social interactions often involve encountering inconsistent information about social others. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to comprehensively investigate voxel-wise temporal dynamics showing how impressions are anchored and/or adjusted in response to inconsistent social information. The participants performed a social impression task inside an fMRI scanner in which they were shown a male face, together with a series of four adjectives that described the depicted person's personality traits, successively presented beneath the image of the face. Participants were asked to rate their impressions of the person at the end of each trial on a scale of 1 to 8 (where 1 is most negative and 8 is most positive). We established two hypothetical models that represented two temporal patterns of voxel activity: Model 1 featured decreasing patterns of activity towards the end of each trial, anchoring impressions to initially presented information, and Model 2 showed increasing patterns of activity toward the end of each trial, where impressions were being adjusted using new and inconsistent information. Our data-driven model fitting analyses showed that the temporal activity patterns of voxels within the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus fit Model 1 (i.e., they were more involved in anchoring first impressions) better than they did Model 2 (i.e., showing impression adjustment). Conversely, voxel-wise neural activity within dorsal ACC and lateral OFC fit Model 2 better than it did Model 1, as it was more likely to be involved in processing new, inconsistent information and adjusting impressions in response. Our novel approach to model fitting analysis replicated previous impression-related neuroscientific findings, furthering the understanding of neural and temporal dynamics of impression processing, particularly with reference to functionally segmenting each region of interest based on relative involvement in impression anchoring as opposed to adjustment.

keyword : Social Impression, Anchoring, Adjustment, fMRI, Model Fitting, Voxel-wise Mapping

This study evaluated the effects of latex mattresses on sleep quality and comfort. The participants were 11 healthy adults (five males, six females, mean age 37.7 years, mean height 167.8 cm, and mean weight 67.0 kg) without severe insomnia or other disease that could affect sleep, examined by a clinician. In their personal living space, participants slept on a spring mattress for 7 days, with their sleep registered using a wearable device (Fitbit), a sleep log, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and a satisfaction survey. The mattresses were then replaced with latex mattresses, which were used for 14 days. As a result, sleep time increased by 62.9 min on weekdays and 53.2 min on weekends after using the latex mattress, and a significant decrease, of 3.8, as seen on the ISI. As measured by the PSQI, the poor sleepers decreased from 10 to 7, but this was not statistically significant, and in the satisfaction survey, the comfort of the low back, neck, and shoulders was significantly increased. This suggests that changes to latex mattresses may positively affect objective and subjective sleep quality.

keyword : Mattress, Fitbit, Latex, Sleep Quality, 매트리스, 라텍스, 수면의 질

Human can rapidly detect and deal with dangerous elements in their environment, and they generally manifest as attentional bias toward threat. Past studies have reported that this attentional bias is affected by anxiety level. Other studies, however, have argued that children and adolescents show attentional bias to threatening stimuli, regardless of their anxiety levels. Few studies directly have compared the two age groups in terms of attentional bias to threat, and furthermore, most previous studies have focused on attentional capture and the early stages of attention, without investigating further attentional holding by the stimuli. In this study, we investigated both attentional bias patterns (attentional capture and holding) with respect to negative emotional stimulus in neurotypical adults and adolescents. The effects of anxiety level on attentional bias were also examined. The results obtained for adult participants showed that abrupt onset of a distractor delayed attentional capture to the target, regardless of distractor type (angry or neutral faces), while it had no effect on attention holding. In adolescents, on the other hand, only the angry face distractor resulted in longer reaction time for detecting a target. Regarding anxiety, state anxiety revealed a significant positive correlation with attentional capture to a face distractor in adult participants but not in adolescents. Overall, this is the first study to investigate developmental tendencies of attentional bias to negative facial emotion in both adults and adolescents, providing novel evidence on attentional bias to threats at different ages. Our results can be applied to understanding the attentional mechanisms in people with emotion-related developmental disorders, as well as typical development.

keyword : Attentional Bias, State Anxiety, Trait Anxiety, Adolescents, Emotional Facial Expression

This study analyzes the effects of the number of angles and bends on resistance in a conductor-embroidered stitch circuit for efficient power transfer through a conductor of wearable energy harvesting to study changes in power lost through connection with actual solar panels. In this study, the angle of the conductive stitch circuit was designed in units of 30°, from 30° to 180°, and the resistance was measured using an analog Discovery 2 device. The measured resistance value was analyzed, and in the section of the angle where the resistance value rapidly changes, it was measured again and analyzed in units of 5°. Following this, from the results of the analysis, the angle at which the tension was applied to the stitch converges was analyzed, and the resistance was measured again by varying the number of bends of the stitch at the given angle. The resistance decreases as the angle of the stitch decreases and the number of bends increases, and the conductor embroidery stitch can reduce the loss of power by 1.61 times relative to general embroidery. These results suggest that the stitching of embroidery has a significant effect on the power transfer in the transmission through the conductors of wearable energy harvesting. These results indicate the need for a follow-up study to develop a conductor circuit design technology that compares and analyzes various types of stitches, such as curved stitches, and the number of conductors, so that wearable energy harvesting can be more efficiently produced and stored.

keyword : Renewable Energy, Wearable Energy Harvesting, Solar Panel Energy Harvesting, Power Transfer Efficiency, Embroidery of Conductie Yarn, Circuit Design, 신재생 에너지, 웨어러블 에너지 하베스팅, 태양광 패널 에너지 하베스팅, 전력 전달 효율, 전도사의 자수, 회로 설계