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This research explores the concept of dance education, which involves educators demonstrating specific movements to students in a practice environment. This study aims to contribute to the emotional development and physical health of children and adolescents and to propose the direction of educational methods through interactive content. Educators explain the movements and describe the emotional context that should be expressed during these movements. This type of education focuses on conveying emotions through movement, acknowledging that dance is more than just precise postures and motions. However, individual imagination differ, and children and adolescents, in particular, may have little experience visualizing emotions. In such limited circumstances, students may focus on physical movements and postures rather than the emotional context they should convey, resulting in dry expressions or expressions that deviate from the intended emotions. This study uses interactive content to help dancers immerse themselves in the emotions associated with specific movements. Virtual content is projected into the practice space, allowing dancers to perceive a virtual environment tailored to specific movements. A body tracking sensor installed in the space recognizes the dancer’s body and movements, and real-time particle effects are used to depict the dancer’s movements in the virtual graphical environment. This method encourages dancers to perform the necessary movements by immersing them in an emotional experience. This study improves emotional immersion in dance education by reducing the dancer’s reliance on his or her imagination alone. It catalyzes transitioning to a different emotional dimension, thereby increasing the effectiveness of dance education. This research involved dance education, which resulted in increased student engagement and concentration. Furthermore, the students recognized the emotional situations that required expression through their body movements, and they were able to express similar emotional content. Furthermore, students demonstrated creativity by incorporating emotions into their physical movements. This research is conducted in stages, each being tested in an educational setting to determine its impact. This step-by-step approach uses validated results as the foundation for subsequent stages, allowing for content expansion and improvement of issues discovered in previous stages. This study aims to contribute to the emotional development and physical health of children and adolescents and to propose the direction of educational methods through interactive content.

keyword : Dance Education, Motion Tracking, Real-time Particle Effect Emotional Immersion, Interactive Media, Space Projection Mapping, 무용 교육, 모션 트래킹, 실시간 파티클 이팩트, 감성 몰입, 인터랙티브 미디어, 공간 프로젝션 맵핑

This study aimed to predict psychopathology based on personality measures via supervised machine learning methodology. We implemented the Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory (SLTDI) for psychological typology and the Korean version of the Revised Symptom Checklist 90 (KSCL-95) for psychopathology. A total of 521 Korean adults from across the country participated in the online survey. Statistical analyses including correlation, k-means cluster analysis, classification, and regression-based decoding were performed. Results revealed four differentiated clusters on the spectrum of clinical severity. Moreover, SLTDI could distinguish between hypothesis-driven and data-driven clusters by chance. KSCL-95’s three subcategories, as well as its validity, were accurately classified. Regression-based decoding results showed that their typology data significantly predicted social desirability, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, PTSD, schizophrenia, stress vulnerability, and interpersonal sensitivity significantly. Overall, these findings suggest that personality tests could be utilized to screen for the severity of psychopathology and to implement prevention and early intervention strategies.

keyword : Psychological Typology, Machine Learning, Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory, Personality, Mental Health, KSCL-95, 심리 유형, 기계학습, 싱어루미스 심리 유형 검사, 성격, 정신병리, 간이정신진단검사

This study aimed to determine how 15 weeks of Tai Chi training affected attention and brain waves. Thirty-six university students (mean age = 24.27 years; SD = ±1.054) participated in this experiment. Participants practiced form postures from the first section of form 85 of the traditional Yang style of Tai Chi Chuan. The Frankfurt Attention Inventory (FAIR) was used to assess each participant’s level of attention. The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) power analysis demonstrated that participants in the Tai Chi group show higher SMR power than the control group. This study showed that Tai Chi Chuan increases theta and alpha waves by relaxing the body and mind, as well as through soft and slow movement and deep breathing. It reduces fast beta waves, which stabilizes the brain and improves attention. FAIR results showed that 15 weeks of Tai Chi training improved selective ability, control index, and persistence index. These findings suggested that Tai Chi is an exercise that helps improve attention.

keyword : Electroencephalography, EEG, Sensorimotor Rhythm, SMR, Attention, Tai Chi, Psychophysiological Changes

Many people are interested in vegetarianism for health and animal welfare reasons, but putting it into practice is difficult. This study aims to examine how an individual’s thoughts on the mind-body connection influence their choice of vegetarian products. In Study 1, the impact of two types of thoughts on health behaviors and the selection of vegetarian products was compared: dualism and physicalism. The mind and body are separated in dualism, whereas the mind and body are connected in physicalism. Study 2 tested whether thoughts about the mind-body connection activate the social values that an individual aspires. Study 3 used priming with healthy and unhealthy food images to examine whether the mind-body dualism connection was bidirectional. Study 1 shows a lower intention for health-related behaviors under dualism conditions, compared to physicalism conditions, where the mind and body are connected. In Study 2, the intention to engage in health-related behaviors and the preference for self-transcendence values were lower than in the physicalism condition. Study 3 shows that participants primed with unhealthy images had higher dualistic scores than those primed with healthy plant-based images. These results suggest that an individual’s thoughts about the mind-body connection may affect health behaviors and social value activation differently.

keyword : Health Behaviors, Mind-Body Dualism, Plant-Based, Social Value Orientation, 건강을 위한 행동, 마음-신체의 이원론, 채식, 사회적 가치

Previous research reported a decline in facial emotion recognition with aging, but whether this was due to a genuine decline in recognition ability or own-age face recognition bias remains unclear, as most studies used stimuli from younger models. Thus, this study recruited older adults as participants and utilized stimuli identical to Kim (2021) study for direct comparison. Participants rated the similarity of pairs of facial expressions representing six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, and sadness) from three age groups (young, middle-aged, and old). Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that, regardless of age, all three core dimensions were confirmed, indicating similar representation of facial emotions across age groups. The older participants assigned lower arousal and dominance to younger faces expressing disgust and higher arousal and dominance to younger faces expressing fear, indicating that they rated younger faces’ disgust expressions less strongly and overestimated fear expressions. These findings suggest that the own-age face recognition bias in facial expression perception may be emotion-specific rather than universally applicable to all emotions.

keyword : Facial Expression, Core Affect, Multidimensional Scaling, Older Adults, Own-Age Face Recognition Bias, 얼굴표현, 핵심 정서, 다차원척도법, 고령자, 자기 나이 얼굴 인식 편향

This study aimed to investigate the effects of voluntary intrathoracic pressure adjustment during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) on changes in prefrontal brain function and cerebral blood flow dynamics using diagnostic ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sixteen healthy adults performed VM by adjusting their expiratory pressure. Their regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) and oxidized hemoglobin (HbO) levels were measured to confirm changes in prefrontal lobe function. To confirm hemodynamic changes in cerebral blood vessels, this study measured peak systolic velocity (PSV), heart rate (HR), vascular stiffness (STIFF), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the common carotid artery before and after the VM. Results showed significant cerebrovascular physiological changes after 30mmHg VM. In particular, PSV increased significantly following VM, whereas PWV and STIFF significantly decreased. A similar trend was observed in 40mmHg VM to 30mmHg, but no significant change was observed except for HR, which showed a significant decrease. Furthermore, rSO2 tended to increase in the prefrontal region after preforming 30 and 40mmHg VM, but it did not show a significant difference. In contrast, HbO significantly decreased after performing 30 and 40mmHg VM. This trend did not show any difference depending on intrathoracic pressure. In conclusion, VM performance at both intrathoracic pressure levels has the same effect on brain function, but induces difference changes in cerebrovascular vessels’ physiological function. Thus, at 40mmHg VM, it interferes with effective vascular relaxation due to high intrathoracic pressure. However, 30mmHg VM has an effective effect on cerebrovascular function by causing a significant increase in the elasticity of arterial blood vessels. Such VM performance can effectively improve cerebrovascular function.

keyword : Intrathoracic Pressure, Valsalva Maneuver, Common Carotid Artery, Pulse Wave Velocity, NIRS, 흉강 내압, 발살바 조작, 총경동맥, 맥파전달속도, 근적외선분광법

Lightning is increasingly used as a design element that provides emotional experiences and enhances affection. This study analyzes the emotions elicited by light and lighting and proposes new scales for the emotional characteristics of light. Impressive light-related experiences were gathered via a survey, and adjectives were extracted to describe light from each experience. A survey conducted with 47 experienced lighting designers yielded 355 examples of impressive lighting experiences, from which 142 adjectives were extracted, and 43 were chosen as evaluation criteria. Using these criteria, 23 participants rated 221 lighting examples. Factor analysis yielded five factors: “Mystique,” “Naturalness,” “Excitement,” “Elegance,” and “Smartness.” Each factor is consists of various adjectives representing different emotional characteristics of lighting. The results shall guide product and space designers to effectively convey desired emotions and affections through lighting.

keyword : Lighting Design, Style Factor Scale, Design Elements, Factor Analysis, 조명 디자인, 스타일 요인 척도, 디자인 요소, 요인 분석

This study aims to explore the effect of combined stimulation consisting of relaxation-inducing scent and high-concentration oxygen on psychological/physiological responses. The cerebral blood flow responses and arousal that occur when oxygen concentration is controlled under the same scent conditions were observed. The experiment’s scent was lavender oil (relaxing scent), and the oxygen concentrations were normal (21%) and high (30%). The experiment involved 12 male adults repeating a 5-minute rest period and a 5-minute stimulation period. The hemoglobin (HbO) concentration was extracted using the Beer-Lambert law to observe cerebral blood flow responses. Arousal was assessed using a 5-point scale questionnaire. A paired t-test was used to compare the two stimuli (lavender +21%, lavender +30%). Results reveal that HbO concentration in the frontal lobe increased, whereas arousal decreased at lavender +30% vs. lavender +21%. These results suggest that adding high-concentration oxygen to scent stimulation can induce more brain activation and relaxation.

keyword : High-Oxygen Concentration, Lavender Oil, fNIRS, Arousal-Relaxation, Hemodynamic Responses, 고농도 산소, 라벤더 오일, 기능성 근적외선 분광법, 각성-이완, 혈류역학 반응

Using level-3 automated driving simulation, this study examined the effects of before-after the obstacle avoidance(BOA and AOA, respectively) and driver age group on situation awareness, control transition time, and vehicle control performances. The results can be summarized as follows. First, the situation awareness of the participants was lower in the BOA section compared to the AOA section, and in the older driver group compared to the young driver group, and this tendency was more evident in the BOA section. Second, the control takeover time was significantly slower in the older driver group than in the younger driver group. Third, in all four vehicle control measures, worse performance was observed in the AOA section than in the BOA section, and in the older driver group than in the young driver group, but the difference between age groups in vehicle control performance was larger in the AOA section than in the BOA section. These results suggest that in a situation where the driver takes over control during autonomous driving and avoids obstacles by driving manually, the driver's situational awareness and vehicle control may vary depending on before and after the obstacle avoidance.

keyword : Automated Driving, Obstacle Avoidance, Situation Awareness, Control Transition, Vehicle Control, Driver Age Group, 3-수준 자율주행, 장애물 회피, 상황인식, 제어권 전환, 차량통제, 운전자 연령집단

Individuals with high social anxiety (HSA) exhibit an excessive bias toward socially threatening stimuli. The purpose of this study is to identify attentional bias patterns toward threat stimuli in people with HSA (but not those with social anxiety disorder, SAD). Furthermore, our goal was to investigate neural biomarkers that can predict these attentional bias patterns in people with HSA. We collected and analyzed behavioral data on attentional bias patterns, anxiety levels, social anxiety levels, and the frontal region theta/beta ratio using an electroencephalogram (EEG) from 33 neurotypical female adults. For analysis, we divide participants into two categories: (1) HSA and (2) low social anxiety (LSA). The results showed that both the HSA and LSA groups had an initial attentional bias toward emotional faces, but only the HSA group had a prolonged attentional bias toward angry faces. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the attentional bias score and the social anxiety score. Additionally, a decreased theta/beta ratio significantly explained the degree of attention bias in the HSA group and was a significant predictor of attentional bias in this group. Overall, this study finds that individuals with HSA exhibit similar patterns of attentional bias to those found in patients with SAD, as identified in previous research. Moreover, the findings suggest that a decreased frontal theta/beta ratio is associated with excessive attentional biases in HSA individuals. These findings contribute to our understanding of the behavioral and neurological pathophysiology associated with high levels of social anxiety, potentially assisting in the development of appropriate evaluation methods and the determination of the effect of the treatment intervention.

keyword : Attentional Bias, EEG, Facial Emotions, Social Anxiety, Theta, Beta Ratio, 주의 편향, 뇌파, 얼굴 정서, 사회 불안, 세타, 베타비